Definition
Improved farming technology refers to the use of advanced methods and tools to increase agricultural productivity and food production, ensuring food security for a growing population.

FARMING TECHNOLOGY

a) Unimproved Farming Technology

This involves traditional and less efficient methods of farming, which include:

• Rain-fed agriculture: Dependence on natural rainfall for irrigation.
• Use of traditional seeds: Limited genetic yield potential and disease resistance.
• Regular land tillage: Over-tilling can lead to soil degradation and erosion.
• Over-reliance on agrochemicals: Heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides can harm soil and water quality.
• Traditional livestock breeds: These breeds often have lower productivity and resistance to diseases.

b) Improved Farming Technology

1. Use of High-Yielding Crops
   • Crops with better resistance to pests and diseases.
   • Provide greater yields per unit of land.
2. Improved Livestock Breeds and Hybrids
   • More efficient in terms of milk, meat, and egg production.
   • Increased resistance to diseases and environmental conditions.
3. Use of Advanced Irrigation Systems
   • Systems such as drip irrigation conserve water and provide precise watering to crops.
   • Reduces water wastage and increases crop yield.
4. Crop Rotation
   • Regularly alternating crops to improve soil fertility and reduce pest infestations.
5. Use of Animal Power on Farm
   • Utilizing oxen or other livestock for plowing and transport to reduce labor costs and energy usage.
6. Legume Seed Inoculation
   • Involves the application of Rhizobia bacteria to legume seeds, enhancing nitrogen fixation and improving soil fertility.
7. Control of Parasites and Diseases
   • Using biological control, proper sanitation, and improved veterinary services to protect crops and livestock.
8. Improved Communication Systems
   • Digital platforms and mobile technology help farmers access information on weather, markets, and farming techniques.
9. Crop Processing Technologies
   • Using greenhouses for controlled environment farming.
   • Efficient machinery to process crops and livestock products, reducing waste and increasing shelf life.

WAYS IMPROVED FARM TECHNOLOGY AFFECTS FOOD SECURITY

1. Increased Yields
   • High-yielding crops and improved livestock result in greater food production.
2. Environmental Conservation
   • Advanced methods like drip irrigation and crop rotation help conserve resources and maintain ecological balance.
3. Education and Skill Sharing
   • Extension services provide farmers with training in sustainable practices, improving their productivity.
4. Access to Capital
   • Financial support, subsidies, and grants for farmers using improved technologies increase production capacity.
5. Market Development
   • Technological advancements allow for better access to markets and expansion into new regions.
6. Quality Yields
   • Improved pest and disease control measures result in healthier crops and animals, leading to higher-quality food.
7. Maintains Soil Fertility
   • Practices like crop rotation and organic fertilization maintain the soil’s nutrient balance, ensuring sustainable farming.

FACETS FOR FOOD SECURITY

1. Food Availability
   • Ensuring a sufficient quantity of food is produced to meet the needs of the population.
2. Food Access
   • Ensuring that individuals have the economic means to purchase or produce enough food.
3. Food Use
   • Proper utilization of food, ensuring good nutritional practices and food safety.