3. Explain factors that affect the elements of weather

1. Factors Affecting Temperature:

• Altitude – higher places are cooler (e.g., Dedza is cooler than Salima)

• Latitude – areas near the equator are hotter

• Distance from the sea – places near the sea have more moderate temperatures

• Cloud cover – clouds reduce sunshine and heat

• Winds – can bring warm or cool air

1. Factors Affecting Rainfall:

• Relief (land features) – mountains force air to rise and cause rain

• Winds – moist winds bring more rainfall

• Temperature – hot temperatures cause evaporation and rain

• Presence of water bodies – lakes and oceans add moisture to the air

1. Factors Affecting Wind:

• Air pressure – wind moves from high pressure to low pressure

• Temperature – hot air rises, cool air replaces it, causing wind

• Earth’s rotation – affects wind direction (Coriolis effect)