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- Medicine:
- Pharmaceuticals: Utilizes bacteria or fungi to produce medical proteins. For instance, synthetic insulin is produced using Escherichia coli bacteria.
- Gene Therapy: Uses nucleic acids in drugs to treat diseases, including cancer and genetic disorders.
- Agriculture:
- Enhances crop characteristics like disease resistance, protein content, and drought tolerance.
- Produces growth hormones to improve milk and meat quality. For example, synthetic hormones are injected into cows to increase milk production.
- Industrial Applications:
- Employs enzymes and microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
- Beer and Bread Production: Utilizes bacteria for faster fermentation.
- Detergents: Enzymes are used to enhance cleaning power.
- Meat Tenderizing: Enzymes are used on a large scale to tenderize meat.
- Sewage Treatment: Plant enzymes break down organic matter in wastewater.
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