Biotechnology involves applying biological discoveries and genetic engineering techniques in various fields such as industries, medicine, and agriculture. It plays a crucial role in producing products like insulin, growth hormones, and hybrid crops.

Plant and Animal Breeding

Plants:

• Hybrid Varieties: Creation of new plant varieties through hybridization.
• Drought-Resistant Crops: Development of crops that can withstand dry conditions.
• High-Yielding Crops: Breeding plants to increase their productivity.
• Disease and Pest-Resistant Crops: Engineering crops to resist diseases and pests.

Breeding Methods:

• Inbreeding: Crossing plants within the same family to produce purelines.
• Outbreeding: Crossbreeding different plant varieties to enhance traits.

Animals:

• Inbreeding: Mating of animals within the same lineage to pass on desirable traits.
• Outbreeding: Hybridization involving mating of exotic breeds with indigenous ones to improve traits such as milk production, meat quality, and resistance to environmental stresses.