The Process of Genetic Engineering

• Genetic Engineering (GE), also known as recombinant DNA technology, involves inserting foreign DNA into a host organism to produce specific proteins. Bacteria are commonly used as hosts.
• Cloning: Involves transferring DNA from one organism to another, even across species. This process results in recombinant DNA, which is used to stimulate protein synthesis for various applications.

Examples of Genetic Engineering

1. Insulin Production: Insertion of human genes into Escherichia coli to produce insulin.
2. Artificial Hybrids: Development of hybrid plants and animals on a commercial scale.
3. Yeast Usage: Yeast is used to synthesize enzymes for the beer and bread industries.
4. Gene Insertion in Tomatoes: Insertion of the human insulin gene into tomatoes for blood sugar control.

Benefits of Genetic Engineering

• High-Quality Hybrids: Produces plants and animals with enhanced nutrients, vitamins, and minerals.
• Drought-Resistant Hybrids: Develops crops that withstand dry conditions while maintaining high yields.
• Enhanced Protein Production: Includes synthetic insulin and other proteins in plants and animals.
• Nutrient-Rich Plants: Examples include high-protein tomatoes and milk-producing plants.