Types of Extrinsic Semiconductors

1. N-Type Semiconductors:
   • Formed by doping silicon with group 5 elements (e.g., phosphorus, nitrogen).
   • The addition of these elements introduces extra electrons, making the material negatively charged (N-type).
   • Atoms in N-type semiconductors donate free electrons for conduction.
2. P-Type Semiconductors:
   • Formed by doping silicon with group 3 elements (e.g., boron, indium).
   • These elements create positive “holes” where electrons can jump, making the material more positively charged (P-type).
   • Electrons move by jumping between holes, allowing current to flow.